Eurozone CPI finalized at 2.2% in Nov, core at 2.7% yoy

    Eurozone headline inflation for November was finalized at 2.2% yoy, up from October’s 2.0%. Meanwhile, Core CPI, which excludes food, alcohol, and tobacco, eased to 2.7% yoy, down from October’s 2.9%.

    Services contributed the most to the Eurozone annual inflation rate, adding +1.74 percentage points, followed by food, alcohol, and tobacco (+0.53 pp) and non-energy industrial goods (+0.17 pp). Energy, on the other hand, detracted -0.19 percentage points, reflecting subdued demand and easing energy prices.

    At the broader EU level, headline inflation was finalized at 2.5% yoy. Among member states, Ireland registered the lowest annual inflation at 0.5%, followed by Lithuania and Luxembourg (both at 1.1%). On the high end, Romania recorded the highest inflation at 5.4%, with Belgium (4.8%) and Croatia (4.0%) close behind. Compared to October, inflation fell in four EU member states, remained unchanged in three, and rose in twenty.

    Full Eurozone CPI final release here.

    Key FOMC Questions: Pause in January, Easing Path in 2025, and Neutral Rate

      FOMC rate decision takes center stage today, with a 25bps rate cut widely anticipated, lowering the federal funds rate to 4.25–4.50%. Markets see virtually no chance of a different outcome, making the focus squarely on Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s statement and the updated economic projections. Expectations are for Fed to signal a slower pace of easing in 2025, aligning with signs of a resilient economy and sticky inflation.

      Three key questions arise from today’s new projections.

      First, the possibility of a pause in January is in focus. With markets pricing an 84% probability of no rate change at the next meeting, the voting split within the FOMC could hint at how close policymakers are to a pause in the easing cycle.

      Second, attention will shift to the pace of easing in 2025. Fed’s prior projections and dot plot suggested a median rate of 3.4% by the end of next year. Markets are currently pricing in a 33% chance of rates falling to 3.75–4.00% by December 2025. A significant upward revision in Fed’s median forecast would signal caution about inflation persistence and align with tighter-than-expected monetary policy.

      Third, the neutral rate will be scrutinized. The previous projection of a longer-run rate was 2.9%, slightly higher than 2.8% in June. A move toward or above 3% could be psychologically significant, signaling higher baseline expectations for economic growth and inflation stability in the post-tightening environment.

      In terms of market reactions, Fed’s “hawkish cut” could lift both the 10-year Yield and Dollar Index. However, breaking out of current ranges will require more than today’s decision.

      For the DXY, resistance at 108.07 must be cleared to confirm underlying bullish momentum, which would likely need support from a 10-year yield break above 4.505%. These breakouts would likely hinge on clarity around fiscal and trade policies from the incoming administration.

      UK CPI accelerates to 2.6% in Nov, core CPI up to 3.5%

        UK CPI accelerated from 2.3% yoy to 2.6% yoy in November, matched expectations.Core CPI, (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco), accelerated from 3.3% yoy to 3.5% yoy, below expectation of 3.6% yoy. CPI goods annual rate rose from -0.3% yoy to 0.4% yoy , while CPI services annual rate was unchanged at 5.0% yoy.

        Full UK CPI release here.

        Japan’s export rises 3.8% yoy in Nov, while import falls -3.8% yoy

          Japan’s exports rose 3.8% yoy in November to JPY 9.152T, supported by increased shipments of chip-making equipment to Taiwan and nonferrous metals to China, marking the second consecutive month of export growth. Imports, however, fell -3.8% yoy to JPY 9.270T, marking their first decline in eight months due to reduced demand for crude oil from Saudi Arabia and electronics parts from Taiwan.

          The overall trade deficit stood at JPY -117.6B, extending its red streak to five months. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the deficit widened to JPY -384B from JPY -229B in October, as imports increased 1.9% mom, outpacing the 0.2% mom rise in exports.

          Trade with key partners highlighted persistent imbalances. Japan recorded a JPY 664.03B trade surplus with the US, despite exports falling -8.0% yoy, while imports dipped slightly by -0.6% yoy.

          Conversely, its trade deficit with China expanded to JPY 682B, as exports grew 4.1% yoy, and imports rose 4.2% yoy.

          The trade gap with the EUR remained significant at JPY 210.19B, with exports plunging -12.5% yoy, while imports decreased -5.4% yoy.

          US retail sales rises 0.7% mom in Nov, ex-auto sales up 0.2% mom

            US retail sales climbed 0.7% mom to USD 724.6B in November, surpassing market expectations of 0.5% and highlighting robust consumer activity as the holiday shopping season gained momentum. However, the details reveal a mixed picture.

            Excluding autos, sales grew by 0.2% mom, which was in line with expectations, reaching USD 583.9B. Meanwhile, sales excluding gasoline rose 0.7% mom to USD 673.1B. When excluding both autos and gasoline, sales also increased modestly by 0.2% mom to USD 532.4B, indicating steady but tempered spending patterns in core retail categories.

            On a broader scale, total sales for the September through November period rose 2.9% yoy.

            Full US retail sales release here.

            Canada’s CPI slows to 1.9% in Nov, with broad-based deceleration

              Canada’s headline CPI slowed to 1.9% yoy in November, dipping below expectations of 2.0% yoy and down from 2.0% yoy in October. The deceleration was broad-based, with declines in travel tour prices and the mortgage interest cost index contributing significantly to the slower pace of inflation.

              Excluding gasoline, the CPI rose 2.0% yoy, cooling from October’s 2.2% yoy. On a month-over-month basis, inflation was flat in November, following a 0.4% mom increase in the prior month.

              While headline inflation eased, Canada’s core inflation measures sent mixed signals. CPI median increased slightly from 2.5% yoy to 2.6% yoy (above forecasts of 2.4% yoy). CPI trimmed climbed from 2.6% yoy to 2.7% yoy (also exceeding expectations of 2.5% yoy). However, CPI common, the measure often considered the most stable, declined from 2.2% yoy to 2.0% yoy, missing the anticipated 2.1% yoy.

              Full Canada CPI release here

              ZEW sentiment surges on ECB rate cut optimism and German policy hope

                The December ZEW Economic Sentiment survey delivered a notable improvement in outlook for both Germany and the Eurozone, driven by optimism surrounding interest rate cuts and policy shifts.

                German ZEW Economic Sentiment index surged to 15.7 from 7.4, far exceeding expectations of 7.0. However, Current Situation Index continued to deteriorate, slipping further to -93.1 from -91.4, reflecting ongoing economic weakness in the near term.

                Eurozone ZEW Economic Sentiment also showed a strong uptick, rising to 17.0 from 11.6. Yet, the Current Situation Index revealed a sharper decline, falling 11.2 points to -55.0.

                ZEW President Achim Wambach attributed the improved sentiment to expectations of economic policies favoring private investment, particularly as Germany approaches snap elections.

                Additionally, growing confidence in further ECB interest rate cuts next year has bolstered the outlook. Wambach noted that survey respondents remain unconcerned about inflation, suggesting the recent uptick is viewed as “a temporary phenomenon” and inflation rates are expected to stabilize or decline in 2025.

                Full German ZEW release here.

                ECB’s Rehn: EU can bolster negotiation stance with prepared countermeasures on US tariffs

                  Finland’s ECB Governing Council member Olli Rehn highlighted growing risks to Europe’s economic outlook with the uncertainty over trade policy as a key downside factor.

                  Rehn warned that Europe must be prepared to respond to potential trade conflicts with the US, emphasizing that while “negotiation is preferable,” EU’s position could be strengthened by demonstrating readiness to implement “countermeasures” against any US tariff threats.

                  Rehn also provided clarity on ECB’s monetary policy direction, stating it is now clearly leaning toward further easing. However, the “speed and scale of rate cuts” will remain data-dependent and decided at each meeting based on a thorough assessment of economic developments.

                  Eurozone goods exports rise 2.1% yoy in Oct, imports up 3.2% yoy

                    Eurozone goods exports rose 2.1% yoy to EUR 254.0B in October. Goods imports rose 3.2% yoy to EUR 247.2B. Trade balance stood at EUR 6.8B surplus. Intra-Eurozone trade rose 2.2% yoy to EUR 229.2B.

                    In seasonally adjusted term, exports fell -1.6% mom to EUR 232.5B. Imports rose 1.3% mom to EUR 226.5B. Trade surplus narrowed from EUR 12.6B in September to EUR 6.1B, versus expectation of EUR 11.9B. Intra-Eurozone trade fell -0.6% mom to EUR 213.5B.

                    Full Eurozone trade balance release here.

                    Germany Ifo business climate falls to 84.7, weakness becoming chronic

                      German Ifo Business Climate Index declined to 84.7 in December, missing expectations of 85.6 and falling from 85.7 in November. This drop highlights persistent economic challenges in Europe’s largest economy, with sentiment continuing to slide amid growing uncertainty. While Current Assessment Index surprised to the upside, rising to 85.1 (above forecasts of 84.0), Expectations Index fell sharply fro 87.0 to 84.4, undershooting the anticipated 87.5.

                      Sectoral data painted a concerning picture. Sentiment in manufacturing dropped further, from -22.0 to -24.8. Services sector weakened from -3.5 to -5.6. Trade saw a sharper decline from -26.6 to -29.5. Meanwhile, the only bright spot came from construction, where sentiment improved from -29.0 to -26.1, though it remains firmly in negative territory.

                      The Ifo Institute underscored the gravity of the situation, warning that “the weakness of the German economy has become chronic.”

                      Full German Ifo release here.

                      UK job numbers decline, but wage growth remains elevated

                        UK labor market showed signs of softening in November, with payrolled employment falling by -35k or -0.1% mom to 30.4m. Meanwhile, median monthly pay growth slowed to 6.3% yoy, down sharply from 7.9% yoy in the prior month.

                        In the three months to October, employment rate edged up by 0.1% to 74.9%, while the unemployment rate also increased slightly to 4.3%, up by 0.1%. Economic inactivity rate fell by -0.2% to 21.7%, suggesting some progress in bringing inactive workers back into the labor force.

                        Wage growth remained robust overall, with average earnings excluding bonuses rising 5.2% yoy in the three months to October, up from 4.9% yoy in the previous month. Including bonuses, average earnings also grew by 5.2% yoy, accelerating from 4.4% yoy. This uptick in earnings may keep pressure on BoE, as policymakers balance moderating inflation with still-elevated wage growth.

                         

                        Full UK labor market overview here.

                        Australia Westpac consumer sentiment falls as economic outlook worsens

                          Australian Westpac Consumer Sentiment Index declined -2.0% mom to 92.8 in December. The drop was driven by a sharp deterioration in economic expectations. The economic outlook, next 12 months sub-index fell -9.6% mom to 91.2, while the economic outlook, next 5 years dropped -7.9% to 95.9 mom, erasing nearly half of the gains from the past two months.

                          Westpac noted that while RBA has expressed growing confidence in inflation returning to its 2-3% target range, the latest sentiment data highlights lingering consumer uncertainty. Concerns about labor market slack and weak productivity growth continue to complicate the inflation outlook.

                          Looking ahead, RBA is expected to maintain its current policy stance at its February meeting, absent a significant downside surprise in inflation. Westpac anticipates the easing cycle will begin in May 2025, once clearer evidence of slowing inflation and stable labor conditions emerges.

                          Full Australia Westpac consumer sentiment release here.

                          US PMI services surge to 38-mth high, upturn to persist into new year

                            The US economy ended 2024 on a strong note, propelled by robust activity in the services sector. December PMI Services index surged from 56.1 to 58.5, a 38-month high, highlighting the sector’s vital role in driving growth. This expansion lifted PMI Composite from 54.9 to 55.6, its highest level in 33 months, despite a continued contraction in the manufacturing sector, where PMI fell from 49.7 to 48.3.

                            According to Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, “business is booming” in the services economy, which is experiencing its fastest growth since the post-COVID reopening in 2021. This momentum is consistent with GDP growing at an annualized rate of just over 3% in December.

                            Additionally, confidence in the 12-month outlook has reached a two-and-a-half-year high, suggesting that the current economic upturn could “persist into the new year” and broaden across more sectors.

                            However, challenges remain for the manufacturing sector, where optimism has been dampened by concerns over tariffs and their potential to increase costs.

                            December also saw sharp spikes in raw material prices, driven by supplier-led increases and higher shipping costs, reflecting busier supply chains ahead of anticipated protectionist measures in the new year. These inflationary pressures could present risks to the broader economy, even as services continue to underpin overall growth.

                            Full US PMI flash release here.

                            ECB’s Lagarde: Shifting focus to appropriate policy from prolonged monetary restriction

                              ECB President Christine Lagarde’s speech today marked a departure from previous guidance shaped by high inflation and significant uncertainty.

                              Lagarde highlighted that the earlier approach, which aimed to maintain restrictive rates “for as long as necessary,” is no longer aligned with the ECB’s evolving outlook for inflation and risk balance.

                              However, with “disinflation process well on track” and growth risks becoming more pronounced, ECB now aims for an “appropriate” policy approach.

                              She reiterated that if data continues to confirm their expectations, ECB expects to lower rates further.

                              Full speech of ECB’s Lagarde here.

                              UK PMI composite unchanged at 50.5, triple whammy of growth, employment and inflation

                                UK PMI Manufacturing PMI slipped from 48.0 to 47.3, an 11-month low. Services PMI improved from 50.4 to 51.4. PMI Composite held steady at 50.5, signaling stagnation in overall economic activity.

                                Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, described a “triple whammy” facing businesses: stalled growth, declining employment, and renewed inflationary pressures.

                                While the PMI suggests that the economy remained broadly stagnant in Q4, the outlook for 2025 appears increasingly uncertain. Weak confidence, labor market retrenchment, and inflation risks could weigh heavily on economic activity.

                                Williamson said BoE faces the difficult task of balancing support for growth against the need to maintain inflation control, suggesting a cautious approach to monetary easing in the coming months.

                                Full UK PMI flash release here.

                                Eurozone PMI improves to 49.5 with potential positive surprises from politics ahead

                                  Eurozone PMI Services rose notably from 49.5 to 51.4, marking a return to expansion territory. However, PMI Manufacturing remained static at 45.2, firmly in contraction. Consequently, PMI Composite edged up from 48.3 to 49.5, signaling ongoing weakness in overall economic momentum.

                                  Cyrus de la Rubia, Chief Economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank, noted that the service sector’s rebound is a “welcome boost” to the Eurozone economy, while manufacturing continues to face a severe downturn.

                                  Inflationary pressures remain a concern, particularly in the services sector. Input costs have risen for the third consecutive month, largely due to higher wage agreements, with businesses passing these costs onto customers. This persistent inflation challenge informed ECB’s cautious decision earlier this month to cut rates by just 25bps.

                                  Germany and France, the Eurozone’s largest economies, add to the uncertainty with ongoing political challenges, delaying necessary reforms to stimulate growth. Despite this, de la Rubia suggested there is potential for “positive surprises” in 2025 if clearer economic policies emerge from future governments.

                                  Full Eurozone PMI flash release here.

                                  Japan’s PMI composite rises to 50.8, stubborn inflation caps growth

                                    Japan’s private sector activity showed a modest improvement in December, driven by a stronger services sector, while manufacturing continued to contract.

                                    PMI Manufacturing index declined from 49.5 to 49.0, marking the fourth consecutive month of contraction. In contrast, PMI Services index rose from 50.5 to 51.4, lifting Composite PMI from 50.1 to 50.8, indicating mild overall growth.

                                    Usamah Bhatti, economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, pointed out the contrasting trends: “Services firms saw the strongest rise in new business in four months, while goods producers faced a sharper decline in orders.” This divergence highlights persistent weakness in manufacturing amid subdued demand and improving momentum in the services sector.

                                    Inflationary pressures persisted, fueled by the Yen’s weakness, which increased the cost of imported materials. Input prices rose at the fastest pace in four months, while selling price inflation hit its highest level since May, as businesses passed on rising costs to consumers. Bhatti noted, “Stubborn inflation held back a stronger expansion of the Japanese private sector in December.”

                                    Full Japan PMI release here.

                                    Australian PMI composite falls to 49.9, bolsters case for early RBA rate cut

                                      Australia’s December PMI data pointing to a broad-based slowdown. The Manufacturing index fell from 49.4 to 48.2. Services PMI edged down from 50.5 to 50.3. Meanwhile, Composite PMI dropped from 50.2 to 49.9, slipping into mild contraction territory.

                                      Jingyi Pan, Economics Associate Director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, noted that the data reflects growing strain across sectors, with manufacturing leading the downturn and services beginning to falter.

                                      Forward indicators presented mixed signals. While business confidence reached its highest level in over two-and-a-half years, new business growth slowed, and unfinished work declined further. Employment gauge showed its first contraction since August 2021.

                                      Muted selling price inflation provides room for RBA to consider rate cuts in early 2024. However, rising cost pressures remain a concern.

                                      Full Australia PMI release here.

                                      NZ BNZ services jumps to 49.5, closer to stability

                                        New Zealand’s BusinessNZ Performance of Services Index rose significantly from 46.2 to 49.5 in November, signaling a move closer to stabilization. However, the index remains under the no-change threshold of 50.0 and well below its long-term average of 53.1.

                                        Key subcomponents offered a mixed picture. Activity/sales improved from 44.4 to 48.6, and new orders/business rose to 49.8, nearing expansion territory. Employment showed only a slight uptick, from 46.4 to 46.8, reflecting continued caution among firms. Stocks/inventories and supplier deliveries moved into expansionary territory at 52.2 and 52.5, respectively, signaling some recovery in supply chain dynamics.

                                        Negative sentiment among respondents eased, with the proportion of unfavorable comments dropping to 53.6% from October’s 59.1%. However, the ongoing concerns over the economic climate and the cost of living remain dominant themes, indicating persistent headwinds for the sector.

                                        Full NZ BNZ PSI release here.

                                        ECB officials signal more rate cuts Ahead, gradual path to neutral

                                          A day after ECB reduced its deposit rate by 25 basis points to 3.00%, key ECB officials provided insights into the central bank’s outlook, reinforcing expectations for further easing in 2025. Comments from various members of the Governing Council suggest a shared commitment to a cautious but consistent approach to policy normalization.

                                          French ECB Governing Council member François Villeroy de Galhau explicitly stated, “There will be more rate cuts next year, more rate cuts plural,” emphasizing alignment with market forecasts. The swap market currently prices around 120 basis points of rate reductions by the end of 2025.

                                          Similarly, Spanish member José Luis Escrivá noted the prevailing consensus for “moves of 25 basis points downwards,” allowing for regular assessment of disinflationary progress.

                                          Irish ECB member Gabriel Makhlouf highlighted the clarity in the rate trajectory while maintaining a data-driven approach: “The exact pace and number of further reductions depend on inflation outturns continuing to move in line with our projections.”

                                          Portuguese member Mário Centeno added that rates could approach the 2% level within a few quarters, barring new economic shocks.

                                          Comments from Luxembourg’s Gaston Reinesch pointed to the possibility of reaching a 2.5% deposit rate by early spring, implying consecutive 25bps cuts in January and March.

                                          Latvian member Martins Kazaks kept the door open for larger adjustments if warranted, while Austria’s Robert Holzmann reiterated alignment with forecasts, noting that rates would ultimately settle closer to neutral.